Türkiye

Hepatitis A virus can cause liver disease, and in rare cases, liver failure and death.

• Can be spread by fecal-oral transmission, consuming contaminated food or water, or close, personal contact with an infected person.
• Symptoms may range from mild to severe, including fatigue, jaundice, abdominal discomfort, vomiting, and joint pain.

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that targets the liver and may cause chronic infections. 

• Its primary mode of transmission is through direct blood-to-blood contact with an infected person. It can also be transmitted through unprotected sex or sharing needles.
• Hep-B vaccination is recommended for long-term travelers, those planning to work in healthcare settings, or those who may have intimate contact with locals. 
• Symptoms may range from mild to severe, including fatigue, jaundice, and abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting and joint pain.

Typhoid is a bacterial infection contracted through contaminated food or water

• Symptoms include high fever, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal issues.  
• Typhoid can lead to severe complications if not treated promptly.

Rabies is a viral infection transmitted through animal bites.  

• Symptoms may initially include fever, headache, and discomfort at the bite site, progressing to more severe neurological symptoms. Rabies is fatal if it is not treated before symptoms develop.
• Travelers should avoid contact with stray animals and seek immediate medical attention if bitten or scratched by an animal. 
• It is essential to receive appropriate medical treatment, including post-exposure prophylaxis, if exposed to rabies.  
• While travelling, take precautions, including keeping your distance from animals (including free-roaming dogs), and closely supervising children. 

Tick-borne encephalitis is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system.

• Spread to humans by the bite of infected ticks or when you consume unpasteurized milk products.
• A vaccine against TBE does exist but is only available in countries where the disease is present particularly in Eastern Europe.

Measles is a highly contagious respiratory disease. Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when traveling internationally.

• Spreads through respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected individuals.
• Symptoms initially resemble a common cold, followed by a characteristic rash fever, cough, runny nose, small, white spots inside the mouth and throat red eyes, sleepiness, and irritability.

Chikungunya is a viral infection spread through the bite of an infected mosquito.

• One-time vaccination is approved in those over the age of 18 and offers lifetime protection.
• Particularly recommended for those traveling for a duration of 2 weeks or greater with anticipated outdoor mosquito exposure.