Japan

Measles is a highly contagious respiratory disease. Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

• Spreads through respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected individuals.
• Symptoms initially resemble a common cold, followed by a characteristic rash fever, cough, runny nose, small, white spots inside the mouth and throat red eyes, sleepiness, and irritability.

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that targets the liver and may cause chronic infections. 

• Its primary mode of transmission is through direct blood-to-blood contact with an infected person. It can also be transmitted through unprotected sex or sharing needles.
• Symptoms may range from mild to severe, including fatigue, jaundice, and abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting and joint pain.

Rabies is a viral infection transmitted through animal bites.  

• Symptoms may initially include fever, headache, and discomfort at the bite site, progressing to more severe neurological symptoms. Rabies is fatal if it is not treated before symptoms develop.
• Rabies treatment may be limited or may not be available, therefore you may need to return to Canada for treatment.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral infection spread through the bite of an infected mosquito.

• Visitors to areas experiencing a JE outbreak should also consider vaccination.  
• Risk increases for individuals engaging in activities involving high contact with mosquitoes. 

Tick-borne encephalitis is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system. 

• Spread to humans by the bite of infected ticks or when you consume unpasteurized milk products. 
• A vaccine against TBE does exist but is only available in countries where the disease is present.