Saudi Arabia

• Vaccination is not recommended or required
• Proof of vaccination is required if you are coming from or have transited through an airport of a country where yellow fever occurs.

Hepatitis A virus can cause liver disease, and in rare cases, liver failure and death.

• Can be spread by fecal-oral transmission, consuming contaminated food or water, or close, personal contact with an infected person.
• Symptoms may range from mild to severe, including fatigue, jaundice, abdominal discomfort, vomiting, and joint pain.

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that targets the liver and causes chronic infection and liver cancer.

• Its primary mode of transmission is through direct blood-to-blood contact with an infected person. It can also be transmitted through unprotected sex or sharing needles.
• Symptoms may range from mild to severe, including fatigue, jaundice, and abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting and joint pain.

Malaria is a serious and occasionally fatal disease that is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito.

• Symptoms may include fever, chills, headache, similar to the flu. Without treatment, malaria can cause severe illness and death.
• Malaria can be treated with anti-malarial medications.
• Use insect repellents containing DEET, wear long sleeves, long pants, and consider staying in accommodations with screens or bed nets.

Measles is a highly contagious respiratory disease. Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when traveling internationally.

• Spreads through respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected individuals.
• Symptoms initially resemble a common cold, followed by a characteristic rash, fever, cough, runny nose, small, white spots inside the mouth and throat, red eyes, sleepiness, and irritability.

Rabies is a devastating viral infection transmitted through animal bites.

• Symptoms may initially include fever, headache, and discomfort at the bite site, progressing to more severe neurological symptoms. Rabies is fatal if it is not treated before symptoms develop.
• Rabies treatment may be limited or may not be available, therefore you may need to return to Canada for treatment.

Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by salmonella from improperly prepared food or contaminated water.

• Typhoid vaccine is available in both injectable and oral forms and provides protection against typhoid fever.    
• Symptoms of typhoid fever include a high fever, headache, weakness, fatigue, stomach pain, constipation or diarrhea, loss of appetite, and a rose-colored rash on the chest and abdomen.

Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective layers covering the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by various factors, including viral, bacterial, or fungal infections.

• Symptoms include high fever, headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, confusion, skin rash, and seizures.
• It is spread from one person to another through close contact with an infected person or direct contact with an infected person’s secretions. Activities such as sharing drinks, straws and utensils with an infected person can cause infection.

Polio is a highly infectious viral disease that can cause paralysis and, in severe cases, death.

• Polio spreads through person-to-person contact and contaminated food or water, and can cause paralysis or death in unvaccinated individuals.
• Ensure your polio vaccinations are up to date; a single life-time adult booster is recommended.